酶注射式葡萄糖生物传感器建模方法研究

建立了酶注射式生物传感器的机理模型,并通过实验验证模型精确性.用传感器检测1和2 mg/mL葡萄糖溶液得到电压数据,通过数据拟合确定模型参数.将浓度值3 mg/mL带入模型得到预测曲线,再将其与传感器检测数据拟合后曲线进行比较,验证模型精确性.结果表明,参加反应的酶液米氏常数Km为1.97,数学模型与实际传感器工作模型相关系数(R2)为0.998.     

Flow-injection chemiluminescence method for determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactants

In this study, chemiluminescence (CL) behaviour of Luminol-H₂O₂ in the presence of the different concentrations of four surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether (Brij-35), was investigated. A novel method for the direct determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactants using flow-injection CL is described. Under the optimum conditions, the luminescence intensity of the Luminol-H₂O₂ system increased gradually with increasing concentration of the surfactants before the CMC, but rapidly reached to the emission maximum at the CMC, followed by a decrease after the CMC. The concentrations of the surfactants corresponding to the luminescence maximum are in agreement with the literature CMC values. The main factors affecting the determination of CMC are discussed. The mechanistic studies show that the luminescence peaks observed in the experiment were mainly because of the protective effect of the micelle against the transition of the excited species and the retarding effect of the micelle structures on the CL reaction rate.     

复合材料层板边缘效应的准相似元解法

用准相似单元法研究了复合材料层板直边和孔边的自由边缘效应，得到了一些具有工程意义的结果。准相似单元法是相似单元法的推广，利用这一方法可以求解三维的应力集中问题，避免了求单刚时的重复计算。由于采用了按相似层求解的技术，应用准相似单元法求解应力集中问题时对计算机容量的要求大为降低     

考虑横向剪切变形的扁球壳在集中力作用下的分析

采用适于夹层壳的直线假设扁壳理论，应用三角级数法，导出了扁球壳齐次方程的解析解。进而分析了在顶点作用法向集中力和在偏心集中力作用下的解。计算了在偏心集中力作用下带孔球壳的位移和应力，并将结果与经典理论的结果进行了比较分析，结果表明，在集中力作用处和孔边处两种理论结果明显不同。     

A centrally cracked thin circular disk, Part I: 3D Elastic–plastic finite element analysis

A full field solution, based on small deformation, three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analysis of the centrally cracked thin disk under mode I loading has been performed. The solution for the stresses under small-scale yielding and lo!cally fully plastic state has been compared with the HRR plane stress solution. At the outside of the 3D zone, within a distance of rσ_o/J=18, HRR dominance is maintained in the presence of a significant amount of compressive stress along the crack flanks. Ahead of this region, the HRR field overestimate the stresses. These results demonstrate a completely reversed state of stress in the near crack front compared to that in the plane strain case. The combined effect of geometry and finite thickness of the specimen on elastic–plastic crack tip stress field has been explored. To the best of our knowledge, such an attempt in the published literature has not been made yet. For the qualitative assessment of the results some of the field parameters have been compared to the available experimental results of K, gives a fair estimate of the crack opening stress near the crack front at a distance of order 10⁻² in. On the basis of this analysis, the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approach has been adopted in analyzing the fatigue crack extension experiments performed in the disk (Part II).     

The effect of velocity on rigid wheel performance

A simulation model to predict the effect of velocity on rigid-wheel performance for off-road terrain was examined. The soil–wheel simulation model is based on determining the forces acting on a wheel in steady state conditions. The stress distribution at the interface was analyzed from the instantaneous equilibrium between wheel and soil elements. The soil was presented by its reaction to penetration and shear. The simulation model describes the effect of wheel velocity on the soil–wheel interaction performances such as: wheel sinkage, wheel slip, net tractive ratio, gross traction ratio, tractive efficiency and motion resistance ratio. Simulation results from several soil-wheel configurations corroborate that the effect of velocity should be considered. It was found that wheel performance such as net tractive ratio and tractive efficiency, increases with increasing velocity. Both, relative wheel sinkage and relative free rolling wheel force ratio, decrease as velocity increases. The suggested model improves the performance prediction of off-road operating vehicles and can be used for applications such as controlling and improving off-road vehicle performance.     

A Solute Transport in Stratified Media

Two-dimensional and steady solute transport in a stratified porous formation is analysed under assumption that the effect of pore-scale dispersion is negligible. The longitudinal dispersion produced as a result of the vertical variation of hydraulic conductivity is analysed by averaging the variability of a solute flux concentration and conductivity. The evolution of the solute flux concentration is expressed with respect to the correlated variable, that is the travel (arrival) time at a fixed location and the averaging procedure is constructed to satisfy the boundary condition where the inlet concentration is a known function of time. In such a statement, a velocity-averaged solute flux concentration is described by a conventional dispersion model (CDM) with a dispersion coefficient which is a function of the arrival time. It is demonstrated that such CDM satisfies the assumption that hydraulic conductivity of the layers is gamma distributed with the parameter of distribution which is chosen to represent a reasonable value of the field scale solute dispersion. The overall behaviour of the model is illustrated by several examples of two-dimensional mass transport.     

Optimal lower bounds on the hydrostatic stress amplification inside random two-phase elastic composites

Composites made from two linear isotropic elastic materials are subjected to a uniform hydrostatic stress. It is assumed that only the volume fraction of each elastic material is known. Lower bounds on all rth moments of the hydrostatic stress field inside each phase are obtained for r?2. A lower bound on the maximum value of the hydrostatic stress field is also obtained. These bounds are given by explicit formulas depending on the volume fractions of the constituent materials and their elastic moduli. All of these bounds are shown to be the best possible as they are attained by the hydrostatic stress field inside the Hashin-Shtrikman coated sphere assemblage. The bounds provide a new opportunity for the assessment of load transfer between macroscopic and microscopic scales for statistically defined microstructures.     

含孔软铁磁材料Mindlin板中弹性波散射问题

基于考虑磁弹相互作用的Mindlin板弯曲波动方程，采用波函数展开法，分析研究 了含孔软铁磁材料Mindlin板中弹性波散射与动应力集中问题，给出了问题的分析 解和数值算例. 通过分析发现：磁感应强度对动弯矩集中系数和动剪力集中系数有 增加的作用，特别是在低频的情况下.     

INFLUENCE OF ASIAN DUSTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS IN TAIWAN DISTRICT USING THE PENGHU ISLANDS AS AN EXAMPLE

1. Introduction In the early months of each year, Asian dusts transport frequently from Northwest China and Mongolia to the Pa-cific-Rim countries (Kagawa et al., 2001; Uno et al., 2002). It causes significant environmental effects such as ambient air quality deterioration, atmospheric visibility impairment, radiation energy reduction, mineral deposition, and acid rain neutralization (Terada et al., 2002; Zhang & An, 1999). During Asian dust periods, significant increases of atmos-pheric …